Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level Application Layer is a term used in categorizing protocols and methods in architectural models of computer networking. Both the OSI model and the Internet Protocol Suite contain an application layer protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.[1] Its use for retrieving inter-linked resources led to the establishment of the World Wide Web The World Wide Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view Web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them using hyperlinks. Using concepts from earlier hypertext systems, the World Wide Web was invented in 1989 by the English.
HTTP development was coordinated by the World Wide Web Consortium The World Wide Web Consortium is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3). It is arranged as a consortium where member organizations maintain full-time staff for the purpose of working together in the development of standards for the World Wide Web. As of June 2009, the W3C had 388 members and the Internet Engineering Task Force The Internet Engineering Task Force develops and promotes Internet standards, cooperating closely with the W3C and ISO/IEC standard bodies and dealing in particular with standards of the TCP/IP and Internet protocol suite. It is an open standards organization, with no formal membership or membership requirements. All participants and leaders are (IETF), culminating in the publication of a series of Requests for Comments In computer network engineering, a Request for Comments is a memorandum published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) describing methods, behaviors, research, or innovations applicable to the working of the Internet and Internet-connected systems (RFCs), most notably RFC 2616 (June 1999), which defines HTTP/1.1, the version of HTTP in common use.
Support for pre-standard HTTP/1.1 based on the then developing RFC 2068 was rapidly adopted by the major browser developers in early 1996. By March 1996, pre-standard HTTP/1.1 was supported in Netscape 2.0, Netscape Navigator Gold 2.01, Mosaic 2.7, Lynx 2.5, and in Internet Explorer 3.0. End user adoption of the new browsers was rapid. In March 1996, one web hosting company reported that over 40% of browsers in use on the Internet were HTTP 1.1 compliant. That same web hosting company reported that by June 1996, 65% of all browsers accessing their servers were HTTP 1.1 Compliant.[2] The HTTP 1.1 standard as defined in RFC 2068 was officially released in January 1997. Improvements and updates to the The HTTP/1.1 standard were released under RFC 2616 in June 1999.
HTTP is a request/response standard of a client and a server A web server has defined load limits, because it can handle only a limited number of concurrent client connections (usually between 2 and 60,000, by default between 500 and 1,000) per IP address (and TCP port) and it can serve only a certain maximum number of requests per second depending on:. A client is the end-user, the server is the web site A website is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed with a common domain name or IP address in an Internet Protocol-based network. A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via the Internet or a private local area network. The client making a HTTP request—using a web browser A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier and may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users to easily navigate their browsers to, spider A Web crawler is a computer program that browses the World Wide Web in a methodical, automated manner. Other terms for Web crawlers are ants, automatic indexers, bots, and worms or Web spider, Web robot, or—especially in the FOAF community—Web scutter, or other end-user tool—is referred to as the user agent A user agent is the client application used with a particular network protocol; the phrase is most commonly used in reference to those which access the World Wide Web. Other systems, such as Session Initiation Protocol , use the term user agent to refer to both end points of a phone call, server and client. The responding server—which stores or creates resources such as HTML HTML, which stands for Hypertext Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists etc as well as for links, quotes, and other items. It allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create files and images—is called the origin server. In between the user agent and origin server may be several intermediaries, such as proxies In computer networks, a proxy server is a server that acts as a go-between for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource, available from a different server. The proxy server evaluates the request according to, gateways Gateways, also called protocol converters, can operate at any layer of the OSI model. The job of a gateway is much more complex than that of a router or switch. Typically, a gateway must convert one protocol stack into another, and tunnels Computer networks use a tunneling protocol when one network protocol encapsulates a different payload protocol. By using tunneling one can (for example) carry a payload over an incompatible delivery-network, or provide a secure path through an untrusted network. HTTP is not constrained to using TCP/IP The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. It is named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard. Today's IP networking and its supporting layers, although this is its most popular application on the Internet. Indeed HTTP can be "implemented on top of any other protocol on the Internet, or on other networks." HTTP only presumes a reliable transport; any protocol that provides such guarantees can be used."[3]
Typically, an HTTP client initiates a request. It establishes a Transmission Control Protocol The Transmission Control Protocol is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. TCP is one of the two original components of the suite (the other being Internet Protocol, or IP), so the entire suite is commonly referred to as TCP/IP. Whereas IP handles lower-level transmissions from computer to computer as a message makes its way (TCP) connection to a particular port In computer networking, a port is an application-specific or process-specific software construct serving as a communications endpoint used by Transport Layer protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite, such as Transmission Control Protocol and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). A specific port is identified by its number, commonly known as the port on a host (port 80 by default; see List of TCP and UDP port numbers In computer networking, the protocols of the Transport Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite, most notably the Transmission Control Protocol and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), but also other protocols, use a numerical identifier for the data structures of the endpoints for host-to-host communications. Such an endpoint is known as a port and the). An HTTP server listening on that port waits for the client to send a request message. Upon receiving the request, the server sends back a status line, such as "HTTP/1.1 200 OK", and a message of its own, the body of which is perhaps the requested resource, an error message, or some other information.
Resources The concept of resource is primitive in the Web architecture, and is used in the definition of its fundamental elements. The term was first introduced to refer to targets of Uniform Resource Locators , but its definition has been further extended to include the referent of any Uniform Resource Identifier (RFC 3986), or Internationalized Resource to be accessed by HTTP are identified using Uniform Resource Identifiers In computing, a Uniform Resource Identifier consists of a string of characters used to identify or name a resource on the Internet. Such identification enables interaction with representations of the resource over a network (typically the World Wide Web) using specific protocols. Schemes specifying a specific syntax and associated protocols define (URIs)—or, more specifically, Uniform Resource Locators In computing, a Uniform Resource Locator is a type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it. In popular usage and in many technical documents and verbal discussions it is often incorrectly used as a synonym for URI. In popular language, a URL is also referred (URLs)—using the http: or https Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure is a combination of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol and a cryptographic protocol. HTTPS connections are often used for payment transactions on the World Wide Web and for sensitive transactions in corporate information systems URI schemes In the field of computer networking, a URI scheme is the top level of the Uniform Resource Identifier naming structure. All URIs and absolute URI references are formed with a scheme name, followed by a colon character (":"), and the remainder of the URI called (in the outdated RFCs 1738 and 2396, but not the current STD 66/RFC 3986) the.
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Customers might also pay for additional file-access and update protocols, such as FTP (file- transfer protocol ) and Bittorrent, including built-in servers ...
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(sri)
Fri, 17 Jul 2009 15:48:00 GM
HyperText. Markup Language. A . hypertext. document format used on the World-Wide Web. HTML is built on top of SGML. HTTP . HyperText Transfer Protocol. . The client-server TCP/IP . protocol. used on the World-Wide Web for the exchange of HTML ...
Q. 1) the internal structure of the world wide web is built on a set of rules called___ that uses internet addresses in a special format, called a uniform resource locator (URL). A) domain enlightenment B) Java scripting C) hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) D) token ring protocol 2) the purpose of my computer places on the windows XP desktop is to: A) store internet addresses that you have previously visited. B) customize the settings that your computer uses when you connet to the internet. C) give you access to resources on a network to which your comupter is connected. D) show you a list of files that you have accessed on other computers that are connected to your network.
Asked by Saje - Sun Feb 3 12:53:43 2008 - - 8 Answers - 0 Comments
A. c and d. Now start doing your own homework.
Answered by Taba - Sun Feb 3 12:57:23 2008
