XHTML Mobile Profile (XHTML MP) is a hypertextual Hypertext is text displayed on a computer or other electronic device with references to other text that the reader can immediately access, usually by a mouse click or keypress sequence. Apart from running text, hypertext may contain tables, images and other presentational devices. Hypertext is the underlying concept defining the structure of the computer language A programming language is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely, or as a mode of human communication standard designed specifically for mobile phones A mobile phone is an electronic device used for full duplex two-way radio telecommunications over a cellular network of base stations known as cell sites. Mobile phones differ from cordless telephones, which only offer telephone service within limited range through a single base station attached to a fixed land line, for example within a home or and other resource-constrained devices.

HTML HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. It is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of "tags" surrounded by angle brackets within the web page content
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It is an XHTML XHTML is a family of XML markup languages that mirror or extend versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are written document type defined by the Open Mobile Alliance The Open Mobile Alliance is a standards body which develops open standards for the mobile phone industry. XHTML-MP is derived from XHTML Basic XHTML is a family of XML markup languages that mirror or extend versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are written 1.0 by adding XHTML Modules, with later versions of the standard adding more modules. However, for certain modules, XHTML-MP does not mandate a complete implementation so an XHTML-MP browser may not be fully conforming on all modules. The XHTML MP 1.2 DTD is the current recommendation, finalized in March 2008.

XHTML Basic XHTML is a family of XML markup languages that mirror or extend versions of the widely used Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), the language in which web pages are written 1.1 became a W3C Recommendation in July 2008, superseding XHTML-MP 1.2.[1]

Contents

DOCTYPE

To validate as XHTML-MP, a document must contain a proper Document Type Declaration A Document Type Declaration, or DOCTYPE, is an instruction that associates a particular SGML or XML document with a Document Type Definition (DTD) (for example, the formal definition of a particular version of HTML). In the serialized form of the document, it manifests as a short string of markup that conforms to a particular syntax, or DOCTYPE, depending on the version of specification followed:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD XHTML Mobile 1.0//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/xhtml-mobile10.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD XHTML Mobile 1.1//EN"
"http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/DTD/xhtml-mobile11.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD XHTML Mobile 1.2//EN"
"http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/DTD/xhtml-mobile12.dtd">

Note that a series of revisions have been issued to correct technical errors in the above DTDs, and the DTD format is more complex and less widely supported than that of standard HTML

MIME types

The MIME MIME's use, however, has grown beyond describing the content of e-mail to describing content type in general, including for the web type for XHTML Mobile Profile is "application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml". Conforming user agents A user agent is a client application implementing a network protocol used in communications within a client–server distributed computing system. The term most notably refers to applications that access the World Wide Web, but other systems, such as the Session Initiation Protocol , use the term user agent to refer to both end points of a should also accept "application/xhtml+xml" and "text/html". Many desktop browsers will only validate XHTML-MP at display time, if an XML MIME type is specified.

Versions

Supported modules

Modules included in XHTML-MP 1.2 are:

XHTML-MP 1.2 also includes partial support for:

Finally, version 1.2 includes an OMA-specific module ("Text Input Modes") for dealing with the various input modes allowed on mobile phones

Development pitfalls

Many problems arise when content written in XHTML is shown on different devices. For example, some devices will honor colors specified in CSS Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language used to describe the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language. Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML, but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including SVG and XUL, while other devices will not. Building an adaptive application means delivering different content to different devices, according to their capabilities. This can bring huge complexity, given the number of different devices in the market with different hardware (screen-sizes, coloring capacity, buttons, memory and speed) and browsers A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier and may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users to easily navigate their browsers to. Software updates on mobile browsers are much more difficult than with desktop browsers, and as a result broken software tends to stay in use until the phone is discarded.

Many software initiatives attempt to solve this problem. Most of these initiatives provide a proprietary language to write WAP content, which will render different content (XHTML-MP, WML Wireless Markup Language, based on XML, is a markup language intended for devices that implement the Wireless Application Protocol specification, such as mobile phones, and preceded the use of other markup languages now used with WAP, such as HTML/XHTML (which are gaining in popularity as processing power in mobile devices increases), CHTML C-HTML is a subset of the HTML markup language that works on DoCoMo's i-mode mobile phones used in Japan. C-HTML also adds several additional features not found in standard HTML, notably the accesskeys, phone number shortcuts for links, and emoji pictorial characters as locally extended Shift JIS, all concepts borrowed halfway from HDML/WML, etc) according to the requesting device. One free initiative is WURFL WURFL stands for Wireless Universal Resource FiLe. It is part of a FOSS community effort focused on the problem of presenting content on the wide variety of wireless devices. The WURFL itself is an XML configuration file which contains information about device capabilities and features for a variety of mobile devices. Device information is, which uses a hierarchical XML Extensible Markup Language is a set of rules for encoding documents in machine-readable form. It is defined in the XML 1.0 Specification produced by the W3C, and several other related specifications, all gratis open standards configuration file mapping hundreds of device capabilities. WURFL also uses a "Wireless Abstraction Layer", called WALL, which specifies special tags that are automatically converted into a markup language supported by the device. The W3C The World Wide Web Consortium is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3) DDWG The W3C Device Description Working Group , operating as part of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Mobile Web Initiative (MWI), was chartered to "foster the provision and access to device descriptions that can be used in support of Web-enabled applications that provide an appropriate user experience on mobile devices." Mobile devices has created a specification to standardize access to repositories of device capability information, to be part of a common framework for content adaptation technologies.

Example

A complete valid and well-formed example is:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD XHTML Mobile 1.1//EN"
"http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/DTD/xhtml-mobile11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<title>Hello</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello <a href="http://example.org/">world</a>.</p>
</body>
</html>

When served with a MIME MIME's use, however, has grown beyond describing the content of e-mail to describing content type in general, including for the web type of "application/xhtml+xml" or "application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml".

Notes

  1. ^ "XHTML Basic 1.1, W3C Recommendation 29 July 2008". World Wide Web Consortium The World Wide Web Consortium is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or W3). 2008-07-29. http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xhtml-basic-20080729. Retrieved 2010-05-06.

External links

Standards of Open Mobile Alliance The Open Mobile Alliance is a standards body which develops open standards for the mobile phone industry
Standards FUMO FUMO, an acronym for Firmware Update Management Object, is an Open Mobile Alliance specification for updating the firmware of mobile devices over the air · MMS Multimedia Messaging Service, or MMS, is a standard way to send messages that include multimedia content to and from mobile phones. It extends the core SMS capability which only allowed exchange of text messages up to 160 characters in length · OMA BCAST Open Mobile Alliance Mobile Broadcast Services Enabler Suite (BCAST) is an open global specification for mobile TV and on-demand video services which can be adapted to any IP-based mobile and P2P content delivery technology. Designed to support broadcast technologies such as DVB-H, 3GPP MBMS, 3GPP2 and mobile unicast streaming systems, OMA's BCAST · OMA CP · OMA DM · OMA DRM OMA DRM is a Digital Rights Management system invented by the Open Mobile Alliance whose members represent the entire value chain, including mobile phone manufacturers (e.g. Nokia, LG, Motorola, Samsung, Sony-Ericsson, BenQ-Siemens), mobile system manufacturers (e.g. Ericsson, Siemens, Openwave), operators (e.g. Vodafone, O2, Cingular, Deutsche · OMA DS · OMA IMPS / Wireless Village · OMA PoC · OMA Presence SIMPLE · OMA SE · OMA SIMPLE IM · WAP · WBMP · WBXML · WML · WMLScript · WSP · WTP · XHTML Mobile Profile
Draft standards SCOMO

Categories: Open Mobile Alliance standards | Mobile telecommunications software

 

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